SynthesisThe Journal of international medical research2025
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for late-life depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in The Journal of international medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Late-Onset Depression in an Aging World: A Multidimensional Perspective on Risks, Mechanisms, and Treatment.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ObjectiveRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is considered a potential treatment of choice for late-life depression, but its efficacy remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the improvement in depression measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, response rate, and remission rate after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment.ResultsA total of 10 trials were included. The pooled results revealed an improvement in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (standardized mean difference: 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.33, 0.68), response rate (odds ratio: 2.62; 95% confidence interval: 1.37, 5.01), and remission rate (odds ratio: 6.88; 95% confidence interval: 2.93, 16.14). The pooled results of trials using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with an intensity of ≥100% resting motor threshold revealed an improvement in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (standardized mean difference: 3; 95% confidence interval: 1.87, 4.12) and response rate (odds ratio: 2.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.58, 4.13). No differences were observed in the pooled results of trials using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with an intensity of <100% resting motor threshold.ConclusionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is effective in the treatment of late-life depression, especially with an intensity of ≥100% resting motor threshold. Future studies with larger sample sizes and long-term outcomes are still needed to provide more robust evidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.