ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2025
Clinical and Serological Correlates of Serum C1Q and Anti-C1Q Antibodies in South Africans With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate prevalence and clinical correlates of serum C1q and anti-C1q antibody titres in black South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
methodsCross-sectional study of 96 SLE patients, 49 with lupus nephritis (LN). Anti-C1q antibodies were tested by ELISA. Serum C1q was measured as a percentage of normal by immunoelectrophoresis. Disease activity was assessed using the SELENA-SLE disease activity index.
resultsMost patients were female (90.7%), mean (SD) age and follow-up period diagnosis of 38.1 (13.0) and 4.2 (4.4) years, respectively. Low serum C1q and positive anti-C1q antibody test were detected in 17 (17.7%) and 12 (12.5%) patients, respectively, overall. There was an inverse correlation between serum C1q and anti-C1q antibodies titres (r = -0.22, p = 0.03) and a direct correlation of anti-C1q antibodies titres with SELENA-SLEDAI scores (r = 0.27, p = 0.008). Patients with an active urine sediment (n = 21) had higher anti-C1q antibodies titres (p = 0.007) and low serum C1q (OR = 4.51, p = 0.01), compared to the remainder of patients. Anti-C1q antibody titres were higher in patients with C3/C4 hypocomplementaemia (n = 14) than those with normal C3/C4 (p = 0.02). A positive Coombs test (without evidence of red cell haemolysis) (n = 17) was associated with a positive anti-C1q antibody test (OR = 4.29, p = 0.02), low serum C1q (OR = 3.37, p = 0.04) and C3/C4 hypocomplementaemia (OR = 4.84, p = 0.02).
conclusionOur findings broadly confirm the clinical utility of the anti-C1q antibody test in SLE. Raised anti-C1q antibody titres were associated with active LN, as evidenced by an active urine sediment. The association of a positive anti-C1q antibody and low serum C1q with a positive Direct Coombs' test merits further study and confirmation.
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