Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40719071›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025

Solvent-Rich Pre-Coagulation Bath for Tunable Liquid-State Fusion Enables Robust Two-Step Polymer Embedded Printing.

Kaidong Song, Qian Wu, Ashley M Compaan, Junting Shen, Chuanshen Zhou, Mingwei Chen, Marc Sole-Gras, John-Thomas T Robinson, Bing Ren, Huayong Yang and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kaidong SongDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-1516
Qian WuThe State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-8616
Ashley M CompaanDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Junting ShenThe State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
Chuanshen ZhouDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Mingwei ChenThe State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
Marc Sole-GrasDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
John-Thomas T RobinsonDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Bing RenDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Huayong YangThe State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
Yong HuangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Jun YinThe State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-6812

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Effective interlayer fusion is a critical step enabling a 3D printing process. For engineering polymer printing, interlayer fusion is usually either heat-enabled or binder-based, which may introduce thermal residual stress, warpage, and undesirable impurities. To overcome such challenges, a two-step immersion phase separation (IPS)-based room-temperature polymer fusion and solidification approach for self-supported engineering polymer printing, termed IPS-embedded 3D printing (IPS-E3DP) is introduced. IPS-E3DP is implemented by first depositing polymer inks in a solvent-rich yield-stress pre-coagulation support bath to have an intermediate green part and then immersing the intermediate green part in a non-solvent coagulation bath for complete solidification. During the first critical step, dissolved polymer ink holds its deposited shape and fuses with a previously deposited polymeric feature in the pre-coagulation support bath. Specifically, it is the high-concentration solvent bath (usually 80% or higher) that enables tunable liquid-state fusion of polymers when the deposited polymer solidifies, and it is the yield-stress support bath that prevents the deposited polymer ink from spreading and deformation during fusion. IPS-E3DP enables the self-supported room-temperature high-fidelity printing of a wide range of engineering polymers, blends, and composites with superior geometric complexity. The process can be tailored as a polymer binder-based printing approach for versatile material printing.

Indexed as

embedded 3D printingengineering polymersimmersion phase separationliquid‐state fusionsolvent‐rich support bath

Identifiers

PMID40719071
PMCPMC12561439

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.