'If I am Reminded of my Trauma, I will …': Assessing Threat Expectancies for Being Confronted with Trauma Reminders.

Marike Jolien Kooistra, Agnes van Minnen, Danielle Oprel, Maartje Schoorl, Willem van der Does, Rianne de Kleine

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Article in Cognitive therapy and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marike Jolien KooistraDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Agnes van MinnenBehavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Danielle OprelDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Maartje SchoorlDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Willem van der DoesDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Rianne de KleineDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Dysfunctional threat appraisal plays a key role in both the development and treatment of PTSD. It is unclear how these appraisals can best be measured. This study aimed to explore the specific negative outcome predictions held by patients with PTSD and to develop and validate the Threat Appraisal in PTSD Scale (TAPS). Methods: We used data from a non-clinical ( Results: The TAPS had excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminative validity were adequate. The TAPS showed to be sensitive to change following treatment. The TAPS demonstrated incremental validity beyond general cognitions in predicting PTSD symptoms in the combined sample, but not in the patient sample. An exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors: 'losing control', 'externalizing reactions', and 'physical reactions', and patients seemed most concerned about outcomes related to 'losing control'. Conclusions: These findings imply that the TAPS could be clinically beneficial, enabling patients and therapists to recognize dysfunctional expectancies and tailor therapeutic interventions accordingly. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-025-10582-5.

Indexed as

AssessmentPosttraumatic cognitionsPosttraumatic stress disorderThreat appraisalValidation

Identifiers

PMID40718651

DOI10.1007/s10608-025-10582-5

PMCPMC12287127

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