ArticleCureus2025
Time Required for Extubation While Using Bispectral Index Monitoring Compared to End-Tidal Anesthetic Gas Concentration in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study was to compare extubation timings between patients monitored with the bispectral index (BIS) and those monitored using end-tidal anesthetic gas (ETAG) to determine which method provides a more efficient recovery profile. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients aged 18 to 60 years, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II, undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia (GA). Patients were randomized into BIS and non-BIS (ETAG) groups to assess anesthetic consumption and recovery characteristics. Standard anesthetic protocols were followed. In the BIS group, BIS values were maintained between 40 and 60, while in the ETAG group, end-tidal isoflurane concentrations were kept between 0.7 and 1.3 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Intraoperative parameters and extubation times were recorded. Isoflurane administration was discontinued at the time of skin closure, and neuromuscular blockade was reversed once a train-of-four (TOF) ratio greater than 0.9 was confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with a p-value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.
resultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the overall duration of anesthesia between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the BIS group had a significantly shorter extubation time, averaging 148.4 ± 30.5 seconds, compared to 201.2 ± 43.6 seconds in the ETAG group. The mean difference was 52.8 ± 13.1 seconds (p = 0.001). Additionally, the average hourly isoflurane consumption was significantly lower in the BIS group (5.9 ± 0.77 mL) compared to the ETAG group (6.56 ± 1.12 mL), with a mean difference of 0.66 ± 1.04 mL (p = 0.01).
conclusionExtubation occurred significantly earlier in patients monitored with BIS than in those observed with ETAG. Furthermore, BIS-guided anesthesia was associated with reduced isoflurane consumption compared to ETAG-guided monitoring.
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