ArticleCureus2025
Brushing With Charcoal Toothpastes on the Surface Properties of a Giomer: A Comparative In-Vitro Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to quantify changes in the microhardness (VHN) and roughness (Ra) in three esthetic restorative materials: a giomer, a universal nano-hybrid, and a nano-filled composite after one and six months of simulated brushing with various types of charcoal-containing toothpastes. Materials and methods Forty specimens (8 mm x 8 mm x 2mm) of each material were fabricated using the manufacturer's instructions and randomized into five groups. Baseline VHN and Ra readings were taken. Simulated brushing took place with four charcoal-containing toothpastes. A non-charcoal-containing toothpaste was used as a positive control. VHN and Ra were then measured after one month and six months of simulated brushing. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way repeated-measure ANOVA to assess whether the factors of time, toothpaste, or the interaction produced significant changes in VHN and Ra. Post-hoc Bonferroni tests were used for pairwise comparisons of material properties brushed with the various toothpastes. Results All tested materials demonstrated a general trend of increasing microhardness and decreasing roughness, or roughness that was not statistically significant from baseline. Interaction of time*toothpaste produced statistically significantly higher microhardness values for the giomer (p=0.003) and nanohybrid (p=0.023) materials. The roughness of the nanofilled material was significantly lower than baseline, with the interaction of time*toothpaste (p=0.014). Conclusion The factors of time, toothpaste, or the interaction of time and toothpaste produced significantly different Ra and VHN values; however, variations in the properties were deemed favorable.
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