ReviewMedComm2025
Macrophages: Subtypes, Distribution, Polarization, Immunomodulatory Functions, and Therapeutics.
Review in MedComm, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- New insights into the ACLY-mediated metabolic and epigenetic interplay in macrophages.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Curcumin Loaded ZIF 8 Nanomaterials Ameliorate Porcine Endometritis Like Lesions in a Mouse Model via Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Antibacterial Activity.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Macrophage SELENOP controls neutrophil homeostasis through redox stress regulation in Crohn's disease.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Chirality-Encoded Biomaterials Regulate Local and Systemic Immune Responses in Transplantation.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and mendelian randomization analysis identifies causal immune-related driver genes in the heart failure inflammatory microenvironment.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2026Article
- Regulating Cells Fate and Function to Facilitate Bone Regeneration via Designing Programmable Bio-Interactive Materials.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- 25 Years of Cancer Immunoediting: Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Filled the Missing Gap.Cancers · 2026Review
- The Role of Macrophages in Endometrial Cyclical Changes and Female Reproductive System Diseases: A Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Bletilla striata polysaccharide inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing macrophage glycolysis and MMP9 expression.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- A bibliometric analysis of research trends and hotspots regarding macrophage polarization in lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Metabolic regulation of macrophage polarization in myocardial infarction: from mechanisms to targeted therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond polarization: a receptor-centered framework for macrophage function and therapy in skin diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of exposure to lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on hepatic parameters of pubertal rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming regulates macrophage polarization to impact ovarian cancer progression.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Bioinstructive Orthogonally-crosslinked Ovoprotein Microgels for Modular Bioprinting.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting macrophage-driven NK cell immunosuppression to improve cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: Molecular mechanisms, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies in liver fibrosis.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Leveraging Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Metabolic pattern changes of macrophages during cancer development and progression.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Biomimetic hybrid nanoparticles for dual regulation of macrophage pyroptosis and metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous immune cells with diverse subtypes and tissue-specific distributions, displaying dynamic polarization states that critically govern their immunomodulatory functions and responses to environmental cues. As key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity, they originate from either embryonic progenitors or bone marrow-derived monocytes and exhibit remarkable plasticity in response to microenvironmental cues. Tissue-resident macrophages (e.g., Langerhans cells, Kupffer cells, microglia) display unique organ-specific functions, while inflammatory stimuli drive their polarization into proinflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes along a functional continuum. This review systematically examines macrophage subtypes, their anatomical distribution, and the signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, STATs, PPARγ) underlying polarization shifts in acute and chronic inflammation. We highlight how polarization imbalances contribute to pathologies including neuroinflammation, liver fibrosis, and impaired tissue repair, particularly in aging contexts. Furthermore, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage plasticity, such as cytokine modulation, metabolic reprogramming, and subtype-specific interventions. By integrating recent advances in macrophage biology, this work provides a comprehensive framework for understanding their dual roles in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis, offering insights for treating inflammatory and age-related diseases through macrophage-centered immunomodulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.