Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40717098›Full record

ReviewJournal of nanobiotechnology2025

Hydrogels as advanced drug delivery platforms for cancer immunotherapy: promising innovations and future outlook.

Vahideh Mohammadzadeh, Hoda Atapour-Mashhad, Sedigheh Shahvali, Bahardokht Salehi, Mina Shaban, Maryam Shirzad, Afsaneh Salahvarzi, Marzieh Mohammadi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Immunotherapy for Cancer: Current Advances and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Vahideh Mohammadzadeh *Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Hoda Atapour-Mashhad *Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Sedigheh ShahvaliStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Bahardokht SalehiStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mina ShabanStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Maryam ShirzadStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Afsaneh SalahvarziDepartment of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Marzieh MohammadiTargeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. mohammadimz@mums.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumor immunotherapy has appeared as a groundbreaking method in cancer therapy, which destroys cancer cells through identification and attack by stimulating the body's immune system. Despite its rapid development, there are serious challenges to overcome. Efficient delivery of the immunotherapeutic cargos to the tumor microenvironment (TME), activation, and systemic adverse reactions have hindered their therapeutic application. Due to their biocompatibility, self-healing ability, and stable localized drug delivery to the tumor niche, hydrogels are regarded as potent delivery platforms. Tailor-made 3D hydrogels from various polymers have shown high drug-loading capacity, which could deliver different immunomodulators to activate effector T cells and enhance immunotherapy efficiency. Injectable hydrogels have also gained significant attention as carriers for tumor vaccines and cell delivery due to their minimal invasiveness encapsulation of various immunotherapeutics, protecting them from degradation and triggering a local immune response. This article reviews recent advances in using hydrogels as immunotherapeutic and cell delivery platforms in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting their ability to overcome the limitations of current delivery systems. In addition, their structure and functional modifications in the development of stimuli-responsive hydrogels, injectable and multifunctional hydrogels are further discussed. Prospects and obstacles in the development of hydrogel-based cancer immunotherapy are also examined.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsHydrogelsImmunotherapyNeoplasmsAnimalsCancer VaccinesDrug CarriersHumansTumor MicroenvironmentCancer VaccinesDrug CarriersHydrogelsCancer immunotherapyHydrogelsInjectableStimuli-responsiveTumor vaccines

Identifiers

PMID40717098
PMCPMC12302882

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.