Observational studyBMC medicine2025
Associations of one-carbon metabolism, related B-vitamins and ApoE genotype with cognitive function in older adults: identification of a novel gene-nutrient interaction.
Observational study in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02664584 (The Trinity, Ulster and Department of Agriculture Cohort Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Trinity, Ulster and Department of Agriculture Cohort Study
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Effects of dietary supplements on cognitive outcomes and physiological biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Neuronal Biomarkers and Micronutrient Status in Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Non-targeted metabolomics reveals liver metabolome changes in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with fermented brewer's grain.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association Between the Jiangnan Diet and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among the Elderly.Nutrients · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe role of one-carbon metabolism and related B-vitamins in cognitive function in ageing is well-documented, particularly for folate and vitamin B12, with vitamin B6 and riboflavin receiving much less attention. ApoE is a well-established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but the role of B-vitamins in modifying this risk remains largely unexplored. We examined associations between folate, B12, B6, riboflavin, and cognitive function in older adults, including interactions with the ApoE ε4 genotype.
methodsCommunity-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Trinity-Ulster-Department of Agriculture (TUDA) study were stratified as ApoE ε4 carriers (ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 genotypes; n = 1205) or non-ε4 carriers (n = 3348). Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the Frontal Assessment Battery, and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between cognitive dysfunction (defined as RBANS score < 80) and a range of variables, including biomarkers of folate, vitamins B12, B6, and riboflavin status, plasma homocysteine levels, and ApoE ε4 genotype.
resultsLower status of vitamin B12 (holotranscobalamin; adjusted odds ratio (OR
conclusionsLow status of vitamin B12, B6, riboflavin, and/or elevated homocysteine were each associated with a greater risk of cognitive dysfunction. A novel interaction between ApoE ε4 and low B12 or higher homocysteine was associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Improving B-vitamin status may have important public health benefits for dementia prevention. Further investigation, ideally in the form of randomised trials, is however required to demonstrate a causative relationship and confirm whether intervention with B-vitamins can confer a beneficial effect in maintaining better cognitive health in at-risk older people.
trial registrationTUDA study: ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02664584 (27/01/2016).
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