ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2025
Development of the Diabetes Index for Social Determinants of Health (DISDOH).
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tailoring interventions to close gaps in diabetes mellitus care.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Social disadvantage outweighs knowledge in dementia risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
introductionSocial determinants of health (SDoH) are key risk factors impacting diabetes outcomes. The American Diabetes Association has identified five principal SDoH categories influencing diabetes outcomes: socioeconomic status, neighborhood and physical environment, food environment, healthcare, and social context. Currently, no concise and valid instruments exist to measure the burden of SDoH factors for individuals with diabetes. To fill this gap, we developed the Diabetes Index for Social Determinants of Health (DISDOH). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsParticipants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were recruited from the regional Health Extension for Diabetes (HED) programme and a national crowdsourcing platform. Item development through a diabetes expert stakeholder group yielded a pool of 16 items, which were further refined through piloting with individuals living with diabetes. Principal component analysis was conducted with a sample of 440 HED participants, identifying a 5-factor solution. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this 5-factor solution using 215 individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Reliability and validity of DISDOH were also assessed.
resultsThe five DISDOH domains demonstrated acceptable internal consistency estimates: Domain 1, socioeconomic status (
conclusionsDISDOH is the first validated, diabetes-specific SDoH assessment designed for brief, practical use in clinical and community settings. Unlike existing instruments, which are often lengthy and not tailored to diabetes management, DISDOH offers a concise yet comprehensive approach to identifying social risk factors that impact diabetes self-care and outcomes.
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