Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40716432›Full record

Observational studyDigestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)2025

<italic>Clostridioides difficile</italic> Infection in Patients Undergoing Acid-Suppressive Treatment: A Large Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matching.

Ilsoo Kim, Joon Sung Kim, Jae Myung Park, Dae Young Cheung, Tae Ho Kim, Woo Chul Chung, Jung-Hwan Oh, Hyun Ho Choi, Seung-Woo Lee

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ilsoo KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea, ilsookim86@gmail.com.
Joon Sung KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jae Myung ParkDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Dae Young CheungDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Tae Ho KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Woo Chul ChungDepartment of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jung-Hwan OhDepartment of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hyun Ho ChoiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Seung-Woo LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St.Mary&apos;s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant concern in patients undergoing acid-suppressive therapy. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the risk of CDI in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and potassium-competitive acid blockers (tegoprazan).

methodsThis retrospective observational cohort study evaluated 606,460 individuals who were prescribed PPIs, H2RAs, or tegoprazan for more than 7 days, resulting in 22,431 matched individuals after propensity score matching. The primary outcome was CDI incidence within 12 weeks of medication use.

resultsPatients receiving PPIs exhibited a significantly higher relative risk (RR) (RR: 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-2.91) of developing CDI than those receiving H2RAs. Tegoprazan showed no significant increase in CDI risk (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.64-1.79) compared to H2RAs. The risk of CDI increased with a longer duration of acid suppressant use. No dose-dependent differences in CDI occurrence were observed across PPI doses and no significant differences were found in the incidence of severe CDI among the groups.

conclusionsPPIs are associated with a higher risk of CDI than H2RAs. These findings highlight the need for careful selection of acid-suppressive therapies, particularly in high-risk populations.

Indexed as

Clostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsHistamine H2 AntagonistsProton Pump InhibitorsAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPropensity ScoreRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsHistamine H2 AntagonistsProton Pump InhibitorsAnti-ulcer agentsClostridium infectionsProton pump inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40716432
PMCPMC12490834

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.