SynthesisApplied psychophysiology and biofeedback2025
The Efficacy of Virtual Reality-Based EEG Neurofeedback in Health-Related Symptoms Relief: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Digital Cognitive Rehabilitation Platforms for Older Adults in Portugal: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Immersive metaverse art as a psychological intervention for depression and anxiety: a narrative review and multilevel model integrating engagement, cultural identity, and neurocognitive mechanisms.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
EEG Neurofeedback is a noninvasive therapeutic modality that can potentially modify targeted aspects of brain function, considered promising for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, some limitations have considerable potential to compromise its efficacy, including the requirement for a high number of sessions, the repetition of therapeutic tasks, and the challenge in sustaining the objectives of these tasks. These limitations can induce a decline in system dynamism and user motivation. However, barriers can be overcome by integrating immersive virtual reality into a neurofeedback system to increase motivation, interest, and adherence through immersion and a sense of presence. This systematic review aimed to determine whether this combined treatment is effective in relieving symptoms related to general health. To conduct this search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, six electronic databases were accessed on January 26, 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to select the articles, and risk of bias and methodological quality assessment was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and the CRED-nf checklist. A total of 24 trials were included, and according to Template for Developing Guidelines for the Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of Psychophysiological Interventions, the results showed that it was considered a probably efficacious treatment for attention and a possibly efficacious treatment for emotions, mood, pain, relaxation, impulsiveness, memory, self-esteem, creativity, empathy, meditation, and tiredness. Several methodological factors of the trials restrict the generalization of these findings and require caution in their interpretation, despite the promising results in future directions.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.