Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40715634›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Development and characterization of a graphene quantum dot/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst for efficient degradation of Rhodamine B.

Hourieh Mirzaei, Mohammad Hossein Ehsani, Alireza Shakeri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Photocatalytic Performance of g-CMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hourieh MirzaeiFaculty of Physics, Semnan University, P. O. Box 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran.
Mohammad Hossein EhsaniFaculty of Physics, Semnan University, P. O. Box 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran. Ehsani@semnan.ac.ir.
Alireza ShakeriSchool of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14155- 6455, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traditional water treatment methods face limitations in removing persistent organic pollutants due to slow degradation rates and incomplete mineralization. This study presents a novel metal-free heterostructured nanocomposite graphene quantum dots/g-C₃N₄ (GQCN) comprising graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) for enhanced photocatalytic degradation. GQDs were synthesized via pyrolysis, while g-CN was obtained through thermal treatment. Components were integrated through sonication-assisted mechanochemical approach to form efficient heterojunctions promoting charge separation. GQCN demonstrated superior photocatalytic performance for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible light compared to individual components. Optimal performance achieved 95.2% degradation efficiency within 120 min following pseudo-first-order kinetics with 35 mg/L catalyst loading. Maximum efficiency 98.2% was attained at pH 4.2 due to enhanced electrostatic interactions. The nanocomposite exhibited remarkable stability over five consecutive cycles. Comprehensive characterization using XRD, FT-IR, TEM, FESEM, EDX, UV-Vis DRS, fluorescence, DLS, zeta potential analysis, and PL spectroscopy confirmed successful heterostructure formation. Scavenger studies revealed hydroxyl radicals as predominant reactive species. This work introduces a practical strategy for fabricating metal-free photocatalysts with enhanced visible light activity, addressing scalability and environmental compatibility challenges, demonstrating significant potential for sustainable water treatment applications.

Indexed as

Heterostructured nanocompositeMechanochemical synthesisMetal-free catalystOrganic pollutant removalVisible light activationWater treatment

Identifiers

PMID40715634
PMCPMC12297663

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.