ArticleScientific reports2025
Optimizing the lignin nanoparticles from different pulping by-products in developing cotton-based nanocrystalline cellulose for UV‑light blocking.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Zero-Waste Conversion ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development of Chitosan Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Metal Oxides and Lignin Derivatives for Sustainable Food Packaging.Polymers · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of sustainable and non-toxic ultraviolet (UV) shielding materials is essential to address the limitations of conventional inorganic agents, which often suffer from biotoxicity and limited spectral coverage. In this study, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were extracted from rice straw-derived black liquors, a by-product of various pulping processes, using acid precipitation followed by solvent exchange with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethylene glycol (EG). These LNPs were incorporated into nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) matrices to fabricate bio-based UV-shielding nanocomposites. The nanoparticles and their corresponding composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The nanocomposites demonstrated enhanced UV-blocking efficiency with increasing LNP loading (1-5 wt%), achieving up to 99.9% shielding in the UVC (200-280 nm) and UVB (280-320 nm) regions. Notably, CNC-LNP composites prepared using LNPs from Kraft pulping [Via tetrahydrofuran (THF); LNPT7)]and KOH/NH₄OH pulping [via Ethylene glycol (EG); LNPE6] exhibited nearly complete UVA protection. LNPE6 was characterized by semi-spherical particles with an intermediate average size of 23.8 ± 7.9 nm, whereas LNPT7 exhibited fully spherical particles with a significantly larger average size of 524.6 ± 233.6 nm. These findings highlight the potential of valorizing industrial lignin waste for the development of environmentally friendly, high-performance UV-protective materials for applications in packaging, personal care, and optical devices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.