Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40715095›Full record

ArticleScientific data2025

Annotated intraoral image dataset for dental caries detection.

Syed Muhammad Faizan Ahmed, Muhammad Huzaifa Ghori, Aamna Khalid, Ayesha Nooruddin, Niha Adnan, Abhishek Lal, Fahad Umer

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Syed Muhammad Faizan AhmedSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0002-9410-5470
Muhammad Huzaifa GhoriSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0007-3601-813X
Aamna KhalidSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0007-7742-5997
Ayesha NooruddinSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. ayeshanooruddin100@gmail.com.ORCID 0009-0009-2557-4784
Niha AdnanSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-0039-6589
Abhishek LalSection of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine. The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-0018-7069
Fahad UmerSection of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-3817-5941

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study introduces the first publicly available annotated intraoral image dataset for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven dental caries detection, addressing the lack of available datasets. It comprises 6,313 images collected from individuals aged 10 to 24 years in Mithi, Sindh, Pakistan, with annotations created using LabelMe software. These annotations were meticulously verified by experienced dentists and converted into multiple formats, including YOLO (You Only Look Once), PASCAL VOC (Pattern Analysis, Statistical Modeling, and Computational Learning Visual Object Classes), COCO (Common Objects in Context) for compatibility with diverse AI models. The dataset features images captured from various intraoral views, both with and without cheek retractors, offering detailed representation of mixed and permanent dentitions. Five AI models (YOLOv5s, YOLOv8s, YOLOv11, SSD-MobileNet-v2, and Faster R-CNN) were trained and evaluated, with YOLOv8s achieving the best performance (mAP = 0.841 @ 0.5 IoU). This work advances AI-based dental diagnostics and sets a benchmark for caries detection. Limitations include using a single mobile device for imaging. Future work should explore primary dentition and diverse imaging tools.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDental CariesAdolescentChildHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedPakistanYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40715095
PMCPMC12297690

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.