Trial reportBMC psychology2025
Investigating the effects of watson-based education on depressive symptoms, hope, and pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Trial report in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of psychological interventions versus standard care for cancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The Effects of Human Caring Theory-Based Interventions on Women's Mental Health: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCancer is among the most important chronic illnesses and one of the main public health concerns worldwide, which has significant physical, social, psychological, and spiritual consequences for the patient and his family. This disease reduces hope in patients and leads to depressive symptoms as well as pain. This research was designed and performed to explore the impact of teaching according to Watson's theory on depressive symptoms, hope, and pain in patients suffering from cancer undergoing chemotherapy in southern Iran.
methodsThis is a randomized controlled trial research without blinding. A total of 120 randomly selected patients were assigned to two intervention groups (n = 60) and a control group (n = 60). The intervention underwent education according to Watson's theory. Data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Miller Hope Scale (MHS), and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistics. Accordingly, inferential statistics applied included chi-square, independent-samples t-test, and repeated measures (ANOVA). We also used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to determine whether there are any significant differences between the two groups. Significance level was considered as p < 0.05.
resultsMean scores for depressive symptoms, hope, and pain intensity, measured two weeks and two months after the intervention, were significantly higher in the intervention group (p < 0.05). However, for the control group, the difference was not statistically significant.
conclusionEducation based on Watson's theory positively improved hope and reduced depressive symptoms as well as pain intensity in cancer patients. Nursing managers and health system policy makers can use this educational approach for people with other chronic conditions. IRANIAN REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS: IRCT registration number: IRCT20190917044802N6. REGISTRATION DATE: 31/7/2022.
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