ArticleJournal of translational medicine2025
Reversing the "cold" tumor microenvironment: the role of neoantigen vaccines in prostate cancer.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tumor‑immune spatiotemporal co‑evolution: A new paradigm for understanding and overcoming therapy resistance in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The landscape of genitourinary cancer vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Cancer Vaccines in Genitourinary Malignancies: Current Advances and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Cancer Cell-Intrinsic Cholesterol Induces Lipid-Associated Macrophage Differentiation via SP1 Palmitoylation to Promote Prostate Cancer Progression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Breaking barriers in prostate cancer: the mRNA vaccine breakthrough and what comes next.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Characteristics and therapeutic resistance mechanisms of the prostate cancer immune microenvironment: a comprehensive analysis from bench to clinic.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy with a "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) that limits immunotherapy efficacy. Neoantigens from non-synonymous mutations are potential immunotherapeutic targets.
methodsWe identified the neoantigens map in the RM-1 murine prostate cancer model by the whole exome sequencing. The immunogenicity of the identified neoantigens was subsequently assessed using enzyme-linked immunospot assays. In vivo neoantigen vaccination experiments were finally conducted in mice to assess the antitumoral effect on PCa, and comprehensively understand the intrinsic dynamic mechanisms for reversing "cold" TME.
resultsWe identified 252 nonsynonymous somatic mutations in RM-1 murine PCa, and the allele frequency of 62 mutations were above 60%. The immunogenicity and specificity of 10 candidate mutations were estimated by immunizing RM-1 mice with neoantigen peptides. Among them, four of these epitopes exhibited the immunogenicity, and three of them (Med12
conclusionsThis study contributed to an unmet therapeutic need for PCa, particularly its potential mechanisms for reversing "cold" TME, which lays the foundation for future application of neoantigen vaccine immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.