Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40713725›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026

Robust COVID-19 Mortality Risk Assessment: Validation of a Two-Step Algorithm From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

Bingnan Li, Yuan Ke, Xianyan Chen, Leonardo Martinez, Ye Shen

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bingnan LiDepartment of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7131-9428
Yuan KeDepartment of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Xianyan ChenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1806-0883
Leonardo MartinezDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0954-8489
Ye ShenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6662-0048

Funding

Refining Predictive Models for Neglected and Emerging Infectious DiseasesR35GM146612 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI Ye Shen · 2022 to 2026
$1.9M
National Science Foundation 2022-2025National Science Foundation 2023-2026National Science Foundation NSF-2210468National Science Foundation NSF-2324389NIGMS NIH HHSNIH HHS R35GM146612
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study introduces and validates a 2-step algorithm for assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality risk, leveraging data from over 7 million COVID-19 cases in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). The original algorithm stratifies patients into risk categories based on routine clinical metrics and was initially tested across diverse cohorts from multiple institutions, demonstrating strong predictive performance. Further validation of this algorithm on 2.4 million valid N3C COVID-19 records, including a subset of 768 957 with complete data, yielded a C-statistic exceeding 0.85. The algorithm adapts effectively to evolving mortality trends, particularly during the Omicron variant surge. Comparative analyses of full and imputed datasets underscore the algorithm's robustness across varied clinical settings. Our work offers a scalable tool for pandemic management, highlighting the critical role of data-informed approaches in public health.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsCOVID-19AdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk AssessmentSARS-CoV-2United StatesCOVID-19model validationmortality risk predictionN3Crisk stratification

Identifiers

PMID40713725
PMCPMC13016675

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.