ArticleBMC public health2025
Structural equation modeling of factors influencing childhood vaccination in Saudi Arabia.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccines are a global health success story, saving millions of lives each year. However, barriers to acceptance, such as misinformation, safety concerns, and trust issues, persist among parents. This study aimed to explore factors influencing Saudi parents' decisions to vaccinate their children, focusing on attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, across 170 primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in seven administrative sectors. A random sampling approach selected 10 PHCCs per sector. Saudi parents with children aged 0-6 years attending PHCCs were approached to complete an online questionnaire. Data were collected from December 2023 to February 2024 with a total sample size of n=1310. The inter-relationship in the Theory of Planned Behavior was examined based on the data collected. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the direct relationship between the predictor variables: attitude, subjective norm, and parent perceived behavioral control, on a mediating variable: behavioral intention. Mediation analysis was further carried out to investigate the indirect relationship between the predictor variables and the parents' vaccination decision-making.
resultsThe largest proportion of participants was from the Central Sector (27.9%), and the majority were female (68.5%). Most participants were aged 31-40 years (49.8%), married (92.6%), had a university-level education (65.9%), and 66.6% of participants were employed. Approximately 96.3% of children had received vaccinations, and 95.4% were vaccinated. The SEM revealed significant influence of parental attitudes on behavioral intention (B = 0.18, p<0.05); significant influence of subjective norms on behavioral intention (B = 0.08,p<0.05), and negative significant influence of perceived behavioral control on behavioral intentions (B = -0.208, p<0.05). Behavioral intention partially mediated the relationships between the predictor variables and parents' vaccination decision-making. The model fit indices: P value 0.00, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)= 0.058, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)= 0.866, Tucker Lewis index (TLI)= 0.911, demonstrate the model's overall fit to the data, which indicates a good model fit.
conclusionThese findings highlight the influence of parental beliefs and social factors on vaccination decisions and emphasize the need for targeted interventions. Insights from this study can inform culturally and contextually relevant strategies to address vaccination hesitancy and strengthen trust in childhood vaccination programs in Saudi Arabia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.