ArticleBMC oral health2025
Impact of different polishing techniques on surface roughness, gloss, and microhardness of zirconium oxide reinforced flowable bulk-fill resin composite: an in vitro study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Profilometric analysis of OptraPolJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2026Article
- Stain susceptibility of a giomer and a particulate-filled injectable composite with one-step and multi-step polishing techniques, and color recovery after brushing and repolishing.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The effect of reduced-step finishing and polishing protocols on roughness, gloss, and surface quality of bulk-fill resin-based composites.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Surface roughness and wear resistance of ormocer- versus methacrylate-based single-shade resin composites after simulated tooth brushing.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Effect of immersion in different media on the color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness of flowable nanohybrid resin composites.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Assessment of bleaching procedures on the optical properties, surface roughness and microhardness of single-shade resin composites: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Impact of different polishing and aging procedures on the surface characteristics of bulk-fill resin composites.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- The in vitro effect of electronic versus conventional cigarettes on color stability and surface roughness of dental resin composites.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Different Polishing Systems on the Polishability and Microhardness of an Alkasite Restorative Material.Cureus · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the impact of different polishing systems on surface roughness (SR), surface gloss (SG), and vickers microhardness (VMH) of flowable bulk-fill composites reinforced with zirconium oxide fillers.
methodsTwo flowable bulk-fill composites reinforced with zirconium oxide fillers (PALFIQUE BULK FLOW, Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable) and another one with conventional fillers (Tetric N-Flow Bulk Fill) were used. For each tested material, 40 cylindrical specimens (8-mm diameter, 4-mm height) were prepared. Specimens were divided into 4 subgroups according to polishing system used (n = 10/subgroup): subgroup I; Mylar strip (control), subgroup II; 1-step polishing system, subgroup III; 2-step polishing system, and subgroup IV; multi-step polishing system. Surface roughness was evaluated with a 3D noncontact optical profilometer. Gloss was evaluated with a glossmeter. Microhardness was evaluated with a Vickers Microhardness tester. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Pearson correlation coefficient testes (p < 0.05).
resultsFor surface roughness, there was no significant difference between groups for control and 1-step (p = 0.152 for control, p = 0.296 for 1-step), while there was a significant difference for 2-step and multi-step (p = 0.025 for 2-step, p = 0.001 for multi-step). For gloss, there was no significant difference between groups for 1-step and 2-step (p = 0.124 for 1-step, p = 0.226 for 2-step), while there was a significant difference for control and multi-step (p = 0.001 for control, p < 0.001 for multi-step). For microhardness, there was no significant difference between groups for control (p = 0.245), while there was a significant difference for the other techniques (p < 0.001 for 1-step and 2-step, p = 0.001 for multi-step).
conclusionsReinforcement with zirconium oxide fillers improved flowable bulk-fill composites in terms of surface roughness, gloss, and microhardness. Surface gloss and microhardness were significantly influenced by material type and polishing system used, while surface roughness was influenced only by polishing system used.
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