ArticleBMC pediatrics2025
Global, regional, and National burden of childhood leukemia from 1990 to 2021.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lineage switch in leukemia and lymphoma: case reports and molecular and cellular mechanisms.Blood neoplasia · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national epidemiology of leukemia in children from 1990 to 2021: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic remodeling of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a four-gene signature.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Integrative Art Therapies on Psychological Well-Being in Pediatric Oncology: A Single-Group Pre-Post Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Co-Release of Cytarabine and Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Polycaprolactone Microparticles Towards Leukemia Therapy.Polymers · 2026Article
- Burden of haematological malignancies among children, adolescents and young adults: Global and high-income region insights from the GBD 2021 study.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Taking High-Tech to the Field: Leukemia Diagnosis in Pediatric Mexican Patients from Vulnerable and Remote Regions.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond XX and XY, Understanding Sex Differences in Leukemia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Precision Pediatric Cancer Nanomedicine: Advancing Personalized Nano Therapies to Reduce Non-Communicable Diseases Through AI-Driven 3D-Printed Drugs.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a retrospective cohort study from a tertiary center in Indonesia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Transcriptome-based molecular subgroup identification and prognosis stratification in pediatric AML.Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- Geographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Treatment Abandonment in Pediatric Acute Leukemia: A Cohort Study in South-Central Mexico.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
- Improved survival, disparate outcomes contemporaneously define the modern worldwide burden of childhood cancers.CA: a cancer journal for cliniciansArticle
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildhood leukemia is the most common malignant tumor in children and a leading cause of pediatric mortality, imposing substantial economic and health burdens on families.
methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 204 countries and regions, focusing on children aged 0 to 14 years diagnosed with leukemia. The study examined trends in childhood leukemia incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, alongside risk factors for leukemia-related deaths. Trends were stratified by region, country, age, sex, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Key metrics included incidence rate, mortality rate, DALYs, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, global incidence, mortality, and DALYs associated with childhood leukemia declined. In 2021, 58,785 new cases were reported worldwide, with an incidence rate of 2.92 per 100,000 population and an EAPC of -0.91%. Boys exhibited higher incidence and mortality rates than girls (incidence:3.31 vs. 2.20; mortality:3.31 vs. 2.50), while children under 1 year old had significantly higher rates than other age groups (incidence: <1 year, boys, 8.05; girls, 6.13; mortality: <1 year, boys, 2.61; girls, 2.14;). Low-SDI regions had the highest number of deaths (7,082 cases), whereas middle-high SDI regions experienced the largest reductions in mortality (EAPC: -4.26). China reported the highest number of cases and deaths (20,321 cases;4,241 cases), while Tokelau had the highest mortality rate and DALYs (7.92 per 100,000;658.54 per 100,000). EAPC was negatively correlated with DALYs (Pearson r = -0.26, P < 0.001). Additionally, the EAPC for DALYs was negatively correlated with SDI (Pearson r = -0.49, P < 0.001), underscoring the impact of SDI levels and baseline disease burden on trends in childhood leukemia.
conclusionsChildhood leukemia remains a pressing global health challenge, with incidence rates continuing to rise in some regions. Despite reductions in global mortality and DALYs, the burden of deaths and DALYs among children with leukemia remains significant, particularly in low-SDI regions. Enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of childhood leukemia may support the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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