SynthesisAnnals of medicine2025
Carcinoembryonic antigen as a predictor of treatment outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Synthesis in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hyperprogressive disease in carcinoma induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond individual markers: Prognostic value of the combined CEA/PNI score in metastatic colorectal cancer as a predictor of survival.PloS one · 2026Article
- High-Performance Silicon Nanowire Array Biosensor for Combined Detection of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers.Micromachines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a widely used tumor marker and is associated with traditional therapeutic efficacy. Our study aims to assess the predictive significance of baseline carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and CEA level changes on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients.
methodsA systemic literature search was conducted in three digital repositories-Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library-to obtain studies linking CEA with clinical results in cancer patients receiving ICIs from the year of inception of each database until 20 August 2024. Studies were included if they involved cancer patients treated with ICIs, assessed the prognostic significance of baseline CEA levels or CEA level changes, and reported at least one outcome metric, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), pathological complete response (pCR), or objective response rate (ORR). Duplicate studies were identified and removed using Covidence software following Cochrane collaboration guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to evaluate study quality. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and PFS, as well as odds ratios (ORs) for DCR, pCR, and ORR, were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsThe analysis included 27 studies, comprising a total cohort of 3662 patients. The findings revealed that cancer patients receiving ICIs with lower CEA levels had significantly improved OS (HR: 1.84,
conclusionThe results advocate for integrating CEA level assessments into the prognostic analysis for cancer patients.
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