ReviewToxins2025
Increased Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis: The Role of Chronic Inflammation, Complement Activation, and Non-Biocompatibility.
Review in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hemodiafiltration in Dialysis Practice: Global Adoption, Toxin Clearance, Inflammation Control, and Clinical Safety.Toxins · 2026Review
- Hemodialysis-related allergic reactions: a retrospective cohort study of clinical presentations, etiologies, and management.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Clinical Variables and Dialysis Modality on Kynurenine Pathway Enzymes Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Still searching for the right target for cardioprotection in haemodialysis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Article
- Association between remnant cholesterol inflammation index and handgrip strength in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Associations of CALLY, CLR, and CHR with all-cause mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: a two-center retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Maintenance hemodialysis patients' nutritional literacy and its relationship with frailty: a cross-sectional study based on latent profile analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- An Immuno-Fragile Profile Is Associated with Mortality Risk in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an established global health problem, with the increased prevalence of vascular inflammation, accelerated atherogenesis, and thrombotic risk all contributing to overall cardiovascular risk. The major CKD-specific risk factor is presumed to be the accumulation of uremic toxins in circulation and tissues, further accelerating the progression of CKD and its co-morbidities, including those of bone mineral disorders and cardiovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn our narrative review, we focused on non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, as they evolve with declined kidney function and are potentially further modulated by the choice of kidney replacement therapy.
resultsBased on the data from the literature to date, the pre-eminent role of non-traditional risk factors emerges to mediate inflammation and increased cardiovascular mortality. In particular, patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) display dramatically increased CVD-mediated mortality. This intensified state of inflammation may be linked to the direct exposure of the bloodstream to a bio-incompatible environment in HD; for both complement-mediated and non-complement-mediated reactions, the possible contribution of neutrophil extracellular traps and complement activation-related pseudoallergy are reviewed in detail.
conclusionsOur narrative review emphasizes key elements of a bio-incompatible HD environment that may contribute to increased cardiovascular mortality in patients receiving HD. Summarizing these results may provide conceptual opportunities to develop new therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.