ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2025
Global Trends and Attributable Risk Factors in the Disease Burden of Lower Respiratory Infections.
Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- GRP78 in viral pneumonia: dual regulatory mechanisms and translational prospects.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Delayed Radiological Resolution: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Viral Pneumonia Evolution in Diabetic vs. Non-Diabetic Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Recognizing Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Masked by Infant Pneumonia in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Somali Case Report of Tetralogy of Fallot.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Global to local burden and inequalty of low respiratory infections among children and adolescents across 953 locations.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Burden of lower respiratory infections in five East Asian countries from 1990 to 2021: observation, comparison, and forecast from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLower respiratory infections (LRIs) are the leading cause of the global disease burden, accounting for millions of deaths each year.
methodsData on LRIs, including deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and incidence, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Joinpoint regression was employed to assess temporal trends in the LRIs' burden, while the age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationship between DALYs attributable to risk factors and the socio-demographic index (SDI).
resultsOver recent decades, the average annual percentage change in age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized DALYs rate, and age-standardized incidence rate of LRIs globally were -2.4%, -3.5%, and -1.3%, respectively. Notably, the LRIs' burden dropped considerably from 2019 to 2021. The disease burden was higher among children under five and individuals over 60 compared to other age groups. In terms of gender, males had a higher burden. The age-standardized DALYs rate of LRIs was strongly and negatively correlated with SDI (
conclusionsIn recent years, the global burden of LRIs has declined, but regional, gender, and age disparities persist. Targeted measures are needed to address high-risk populations and major risk factors.
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