Development, Characterization, and Stability of Margarine Containing Oleogels Based on Olive Oil, Coconut Oil, Starch, and Beeswax.

The removal of partially hydrogenated fats, as well as the substitution of saturated fats with healthier alternatives, has become increasingly common due to their well-established association with adverse health effects. As a result, the demand for alternative formulations in the food industry has driven the development of a promising emerging technology: oleogels. Oleogels are a semi-solid material made by trapping liquid oil within a three-dimensional network formed by structuring agents. Within this context, this study aimed to develop and characterize margarines prepared with oleogels formulated from extra virgin olive oil, coconut oil, starch, and beeswax at varying concentrations. The proposed oleogel-based formulations exhibited a high melting temperature range and lower enthalpy. Although lipid oxidation levels differed between the commercial and oleogel-based margarines, they remained within acceptable limits. A significant difference in color was observed, with the oleogel formulations imparting a slight greenish hue compared to the commercial margarine. In terms of microstructure, the commercial margarine presented smaller and more uniformly distributed water droplets. Oleogel-based margarines demonstrated technological feasibility. Considering consumers' growing interest in food innovation and health-conscious products, olive oil-based oleogel margarines represent a promising alternative, particularly due to the nutritional benefits associated with olive oil.