ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Influence of Calcium Ions and pH on Fluoride Release from Commercial Fluoride Gels in an In Vitro Study.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Additive Incorporation on Fluoride Release of Orthodontic Glass Ionomer Cements and Adhesives: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Modulatory Effects of Tea Components with Different Fermentation Degrees on Fluoride Bioavailability in Rats.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- pH- and calcium-dependent solution-phase free fluoride in dental desensitizing gels: a preliminary in vitro study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Fluoride Varnishes: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Enhancing Osseointegration of Zirconia Implants Using Calcium Phosphate Coatings: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Assessment of Fluoride Intake Risk via Infusions of Commercial Leaf Teas Available in Poland Using the Target Hazard Quotient Index Approach.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fluoride Content in Infusions of Selected Teas Available on the Polish Market-An In Vitro Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Environmental and Material Factors on Fluoride Release from Metal-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluoride gels are widely used in dental prophylaxis due to their proven ability to prevent demineralization and promote remineralization of hard dental tissues. However, the effectiveness of fluoride release from such gels may be significantly influenced by environmental factors such as pH and the presence of calcium ions. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate how these variables affect fluoride ion release from three commercially available fluoride gels-Clarben, Flairesse, and Lunos. The gels were incubated in artificial saliva of varying pH levels (4.5, 6.0, 7.0, and 7.5) with and without the addition of calcium, as well as in other water-based media-tap water, deionized water, and 0.9% NaCl solution. Fluoride release and changes in pH were measured and statistically analyzed using a multifactorial ANOVA. The results revealed that fluoride release was highest in calcium-free environments and at neutral to slightly alkaline pH, while the presence of calcium significantly reduced fluoride availability. Among the tested products, Flairesse and Lunos exhibited sensitivity to calcium's presence, unlike Clarben. Fluoride release was generally higher in water than in artificial saliva. Additionally, all gels induced a decrease in pH, which varied depending on the initial pH and calcium content. These findings underline the importance of environmental conditions in optimizing the clinical efficacy of fluoride gel applications.
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