ReviewCells2025
Natural Killer Cell and Extracellular Vesicle-Based Immunotherapy in Thyroid Cancer: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.
Review in Cells, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Innovative immunotherapeutic strategies for thyroid cancer: challenges and opportunities.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Review of Extracellular Vesicles in Thyroid Cancer: From Methodological Approaches to Biological Functions and Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Lipid metabolism, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: an integrated mechanistic review.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Induction of stress granules alleviates programmed cell death induced by lysosomal damage during NK cell cryopreservation.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Peptides in Cancer Treatment: Focus on Peptide and Aptamer-Decorated Exosomes.Cancers · 2026Review
- Next generation approaches in cancer immunotherapy targeting mechanisms beyond PD1 and PDL1.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced Thyroid Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Advances in immunotherapy for thyroid malignancies: from molecular targets to clinical outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Investigating the Role of TNFSF12 in Thyroid Cancer Progression via Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Integrated Multiomics Analyses.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Thyroid cancer, the most frequently occurring endocrine neoplasm, comprises a heterogeneous group of histological subtypes, spanning from the indolent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to the rapidly progressive and lethal anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Although conventional therapies, such as surgery and radioactive iodine (RAI), are effective for differentiated thyroid cancers, treatment resistance and poor prognosis remain major challenges in advanced and undifferentiated forms. In current times, growing attention has been directed toward the potential of Natural Killer (NK) cells as a promising immunotherapeutic avenue. These innate immune cells are capable of direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells, but their efficiency is frequently compromised by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which inhibits NK cell activation, infiltration, and persistence. This review explores the dynamic interaction between NK cells and the TME in thyroid cancer, detailing key mechanisms of immune evasion, including the impact of suppressive cytokines, altered chemokine landscapes, and inhibitory ligand expression. We further discuss latest advancements in NK cell-based immunotherapies, including strategies for ex vivo expansion, genetic modification, and combinatorial approaches with checkpoint inhibitors or cytokines. Additionally, emerging modalities, such as NK cell-derived extracellular vesicles, are addressed. By combining mechanistic insights with advancing therapeutic techniques, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on NK cell-based interventions and their future potential in improving outcomes for patients with thyroid cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.