ArticleBiosensors2025
Electrochemical Immunosensor Using COOH-Functionalized 3D Graphene Electrodes for Sensitive Detection of Tau-441 Protein.
Article in Biosensors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for effective treatment; however current diagnostic methods are often complex, costly, and unsuitable for point-of-care testing. Graphene-based biosensors offer an alternative due to their affordability, versatility, and high conductivity. However, graphene's conductivity can be compromised when its carbon lattice is oxidized to introduce functional groups for biomolecule immobilization. This study addresses this challenge by developing an electrochemical immunosensor using carboxyl-modified commercial graphene foam (COOH-GF) electrodes. The conductivity of graphene is preserved by enabling efficient COOH modification through π-π non-covalent interactions, while antibody immobilization is optimized via EDC-NHS carbodiimide chemistry. The immunosensor detects tau-441, an AD biomarker, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), achieving a detection range of 1 fM-1 nM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 fM both in PBS and human serum. It demonstrates high selectivity against other AD-related proteins, including tau-217, tau-181, amyloid beta (Aβ
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