Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40709997›Full record

ReviewDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review.

Nisar Amin, Javaria Anwar, Abdullahi Sulaiman, Nadia Nikolaeva Naumova, Nadeem Anwar

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  17. Investigating Real-World Tolerance and Dose Reductions of Oncology Multikinase Inhibitors in a VA Population.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nisar AminDepartment of Internal Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV 25304, USA.
Javaria AnwarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV 25304, USA.
Abdullahi SulaimanDepartment of Pathology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV 25304, USA.
Nadia Nikolaeva NaumovaDepartment of Pathology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV 25304, USA.
Nadeem AnwarDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV 25304, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy globally and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Its incidence continues to rise worldwide, and it is currently the fastest-growing cancer by incidence in the United States. HCC most often arises in the context of chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis. While chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C) has traditionally been the primary etiologic factor, recent advances in antiviral therapies and prevention strategies have shifted the epidemiological landscape. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-related liver disease are increasingly prominent risk factors, especially in Western populations. This shift underscores the need for targeted risk factor modification, improved early detection, and enhanced surveillance protocols. The management of HCC necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating locoregional therapies, surgical resection, liver transplantation, and systemic therapies for advanced-stage disease. Recent advances in systemic treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapies, have transformed the therapeutic landscape. Despite these developments, significant challenges persist in optimizing treatment, identifying predictive biomarkers, and personalizing therapy. Ongoing research is focused on refining molecular classifications and advancing precision medicine strategies to improve outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the etiology, surveillance strategies, diagnostic approaches, molecular features, and current treatment modalities for HCC.

Indexed as

cirrhosisHCChepatocellular carcinomaliver cancerliver cancer etiologyliver cancer treatmentviral hepatitis

Identifiers

PMID40709997
PMCPMC12293809

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.