SynthesisScandinavian journal of work, environment & health2025
Risk factors for voluntary early old-age retirement in middle-aged workers: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Working Beyond Retirement on Cognitive Function Among the Retirement-Transition Population.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Work-related psychosocial factors and working life expectancy among Finnish public sector employees aged 50 years or older.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2026Article
- Age-related differences in psychosocial risks among community mental health professionals.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Digital literacy, work participation, and active aging: evidence on older adults' employment and well-being in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis meta-analysis aimed to identify sociodemographic, lifestyle, work-related and health risk factors for voluntary early old-age retirement among middle-aged workers.
methodsSearches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Scopus from their inception until February 2025. Observational longitudinal studies involving workers aged 40-64 years were included. Two reviewers evaluated the methodological quality of the studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.
resultsFrom 13 899 publications, 23 longitudinal studies (N=2 270 430 participants) were included. The following factors were associated with an increased risk of early old-age retirement: age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, 95% CI (confidence interval) 1.12-1.63 per year increase], overweight or obesity (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17), physically demanding work (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.59), low job control (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.11-1.17), low influence at work (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19), low organizational justice (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.46), lack of skills and knowledge development (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.63-2.85), suboptimal self-rated general health (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12-1.34), chronic physical conditions (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.17), and depressive symptoms (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.12-1.61). Conversely, a lower risk was found among individuals who were unmarried, separated, or widowed (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60-0.91).
conclusionsThis meta-analysis underscores the impact of overweight, physical and psychosocial work factors, lacking skills and knowledge development and health conditions on early old-age retirement risk among middle-aged workers. Targeted interventions to encourage healthy lifestyles, foster a supportive work environment, and promote mental health may help to reduce early old-age retirement risk.
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