ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2025
Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli in Pet Birds of Bangladesh.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pet Birds as Potential Reservoirs of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Digestive and Respiratory Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Green and chemical synthesis of CuMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPet bird rearing has been increasing over the last decade in Bangladesh. These pet bird species suffer from diverse diseases that are treated with different antimicrobials, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the country.
objectivesThe current study aimed to determine the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from cloacal samples of pet birds. This study also explored the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profile of ESBL-E. coli against a range of antibiotics, followed by molecular identification of selected ESBL genes (TEM, SHV, CTX-M) in isolated bacteria.
methodsA total of 150 cloacal swab samples of pet birds were purposively collected from the Chattogram metropolitan area of the country. Identification and confirmation of E. coli were performed following microbiological and molecular techniques. All the confirmed E. coli isolates were further screened using the combination disk method for validation of phenotypic ESBL producers. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed for selected antibiotics using the disk diffusion technique followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
resultsThe overall detection rate of E. coli from cloacal swabs was 48.7% [n = 73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 40.4-57], and out of 73 confirmed isolates, 32 (43.83%) were ESBL-E. coli. Surprisingly, all the 32 ESBL isolates were multidrug-resistant. All the ESBL isolates were susceptible to meropenem and resistant to ampicillin and ceftriaxone. Molecular identification of the ESBL genes showed that TEM was the most prevalent group of target genes.
conclusionThe data generated in this study are the first of its kind and would be beneficial to veterinary practices, aviculturists and pet bird breeders in Bangladesh. The current research suggests that pet birds are a source of MDR ESBL-E. coli, which may pose a potential threat to public health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.