ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
Thyroid Function and All-cause Mortality in the Context of Multimorbidity: Results From 2 Population-based Studies.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Thyroid Function and All-cause Mortality in the Context of Multimorbidity: Results From 2 Population-based Studies.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Thyroid disease-attributed mortality burden and temporal trends among U.S. adults aged ≥65 years, 1999-2023: a nationwide analysis based on the CDC WONDER database.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics atlas reveals PTM-driven signaling and immunologic remodeling in a mouse model of age-related subclinical hypothyroidism.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThyroid dysfunction is common in aging populations and associated with increased noncommunicable disease risk. Complex disease interactions in multimorbidity may influence this association. We aimed to examine the association between thyroid function and all-cause mortality in the context of multimorbidity.
methodsWe included participants with thyroid function measurements and recorded disease status from the PREVEND and the Rotterdam studies and categorized them into 3 groups (no disease, 1 disease, and multimorbidity). We used Cox proportional hazards models for the associations between thyroid function and all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) were expressed per 1-unit increment in thyroid function Z-scores.
resultsA total of 5537 participants (mean age, 53.0 years) from PREVEND and 9080 participants (mean age, 64.9 years) from the Rotterdam Study were included. Higher free T4 concentrations were associated with a higher all-cause mortality risk in the Rotterdam Study, with HRs per 1-unit increase in a Z-score of 1.07 (1.03-1.12), 1.09 (1.04-1.15), 1.21 (1.11-1.31) for individuals with no disease, 1 disease, and multimorbidity, respectively (P for trend <.001), whereas a similar but nonsignificant trend was observed in PREVEND. We show a lower mortality risk for higher free T3 concentrations among individuals with 1 disease (HR per 1-unit increase in Z-score: 0.82, 0.70-0.97) and multimorbidity (HR, 0.80; 0.61-1.05) (P for trend = .002).
conclusionWe show an association between higher free T4 and mortality for individuals with multimorbidity, whereas lower free T3 was associated with poor survival in individuals with multimorbidity. Our results extend findings from patient populations to people with multimorbidity from the general population. Future research is needed to investigate whether these findings extend to levothyroxine users.
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