ReviewCureus2025
Diagnosing and Managing Trophoblastic Lesions in Cesarean Scars: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Invasive Partial Hydatidiform Mole Presenting As Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Primary cervical choriocarcinoma: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) arises from an aberrant placenta and includes a spectrum of disorders ranging from premalignant to malignant. Changes in the epidemiology of GTD have been noted in various countries. Misdiagnosis can result in serious complications either because of the natural course of the disease or because of inadequate therapy that ensues. A systematic literature search was conducted in May 2025 using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. MeSH terms for "trophoblastic lesion" and "cesarean scar" were applied. Case reports describing trophoblastic disease in cesarean scars in women of any age were included. Non-trophoblastic lesions, cases not in cesarean scars, and non-English articles were excluded. Data were extracted from included studies and assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Thirty-six case reports from 2006 to 2024 were included. Patients ranged from 22 to 54 years and were multiparous with prior cesarean sections. Common symptoms included vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, and pelvic pain. Serum β-hCG levels varied, with elevated levels in choriocarcinoma (CC) and normal or low levels in atypical placental site nodules (APSNs) and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors (ETTs). ETT was the most frequent lesion type, followed by CC and APSNs. Diagnosis used transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS), Doppler imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), confirmed by histopathology. Treatment was mainly surgical; chemotherapy was used in CC cases. Outcomes were favorable, with no recurrence in follow-up. Trophoblastic lesions in cesarean scars require heightened clinical awareness due to their diagnostic complexity. Early identification using imaging and histopathology is crucial. This review emphasizes standardized diagnostic pathways and the need for studies on management protocols.
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Registered trials
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