SynthesisFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Chinese herbal foot baths as a new strategy for diabetic foot with Wagner grade of 0 or 1: a meta-analysis and data mining.
Synthesis in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Traditional wisdom unveiled: an ethnobotanical exploration of medicinal bath plants for postpartum and infant healthcare among the Hakka people in Guangdong, China.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Expert consensus on acupuncture for diabetic foot.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The benefit of Chinese herbal foot-baths in treating diabetic foot remains unclear. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Chinese herbal foot-baths for diabetic foot with Wagner grade of 0 or 1 and identify key candidate herbs. Methods: A comprehensive search of eight databases was conducted for studies published up to 24 May 2025. Relevant data on study characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias were extracted. The meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were performed using RevMan 5.3 and TSA 0.9.5.10 beta, respectively. The risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) were respectively used as effect sizes for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger's tests. Results: 13 studies involving 921 participants were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed that compared to warm water foot-bath, Chinese herbal foot-baths significantly improved the clinical effective rate (RR 1.42, 95%CI 1.31-1.53, Conclusion: Chinese herbal foot-baths can improve clinical symptoms as well as vascular and nerve functions in diabetic foot patients with Wagner grades 0 or 1, without increasing the incidence of adverse events. The seven herbs identified through data mining offer a reference for formulating Chinese herbal foot-baths. However, these clinical findings and the pharmacological effects of the herbal combinations require further validation. Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024615181, CRD42024615181.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.