Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40709044›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Global, regional, and national trends in decubitus ulcer burden from 1990 to 2021 and forecasts to 2040.

Ruijuan Li, Xueneng Yang, Hanbo Chen, Minglin Dong, Jun Shu, Junfei Liu, Ming Zeng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Evaluation of the Potential Efficacy of Bacteriophage Therapy for the Management of Pressure Ulcers and Its Comparison to Conventional Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ruijuan Li *The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Xueneng Yang *The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Hanbo ChenThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Minglin DongThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Jun ShuThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Junfei LiuThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Ming ZengThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Decubitus ulcers, or pressure injuries, are a growing global health issue, particularly among aging populations. However, comprehensive studies on their burden and trends remain limited. Methods: Using the GBD 2021 database, we analyzed global, regional, and national burdens of decubitus ulcers from 1990 to 2021, including prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and death. Key metrics were assessed through age-standardized rates and absolute counts. Statistical methods such as decomposition analysis and Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling were employed to explore trends and disparities. Future projections were made up to 2040. Results: While age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates remained stable, DALY and death rates declined globally. Nevertheless, absolute cases, DALYs, and deaths increased significantly, driven by population aging and growth. High-SDI regions showed higher prevalence but lower DALY and death burdens, while low-SDI regions faced severe challenges due to limited resources. Health inequalities persisted, with widening absolute disparities despite narrowing relative inequalities. By 2040, total burden is projected to rise, especially among individuals over 40. Conclusion: The increasing global burden of decubitus ulcers highlights the need for tailored prevention strategies and resource allocation. These findings offer critical evidence for reducing health disparities and improving global management of this condition.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessGlobal HealthPressure UlcerAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleForecastingGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalencedecubitus ulcersGlobal Burden of Diseasehealth inequalitiespopulation agingprevention strategies

Identifiers

PMID40709044
PMCPMC12287041

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.