ArticleBioengineering & translational medicine2025
Optimizing design parameters of 3D-printed poly-4-hydroxybutyrate nipple scaffolds for nipple reconstruction.
Article in Bioengineering & translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Optimizing design parameters of 3D-printed poly-4-hydroxybutyrate nipple scaffolds for nipple reconstruction.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nipple reconstruction in patients who undergo total mastectomy or nipple-sparing mastectomy is currently limited by a consistent and significant loss of nipple projection over time, which can negatively affect patient satisfaction and quality of life. To address this issue, we have previously shown that 3D-printed poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) nipple-shaped scaffolds promote long-term maintenance of nipple projection in a rat model. Herein, we further optimize the 3D printing parameters (filament diameter and infill density) of absorbable P4HB latticework scaffolds as well as scaffolds fabricated from rolled P4HB knitted mesh to facilitate tissue formation with similar biomechanical properties of the native nipple, while maintaining long-term shape and projection. Over 12 months of in vivo implantation in a dorsal, bilateral CV-flap rat model of nipple reconstruction, 3D-printed P4HB latticework and knitted mesh scaffolded groups demonstrated significantly greater maintenance in projection (80-100% of initial value) when compared to the Cook Biodesign® Nipple Cylinder (~40% of initial projection), resulting from the infiltration of healthy fibrovascular adipose tissue, which demonstrated biomechanical qualities that approached those of the native human nipple. Overall, our results demonstrate that using a 3D-printed P4HB latticework and rolled P4HB knitted mesh scaffolds significantly improved long-term results in our animal model of nipple reconstruction and hold promise for improving nipple reconstruction outcomes in future clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.