ArticleFrontiers in neurology2025
Emerging epidemiological trends of multiple sclerosis among adults aged 20-54 years, 1990-2021, with projections to 2035: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- An updated review of the economic burden of multiple sclerosis: direct and indirect costs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Comparative analysis of multiple sclerosis burden in China and India from 1990 to 2021 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Update on the Incidence of Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Other Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes in the Netherlands, 2017-2025, Including the COVID-19 Pandemic.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Among Persons with Epstein Barr Virus-Positive Mononucleosis: A Population-Based Study.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- A Comparative Study of Clinical and Demographic Profiles of Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Two Regional Centers in Denmark and Romania.Neurology international · 2026Article
- The contributions of active and passive smoking to COPD-related mortality and DALYs in the context of COVID-19: Global Burden 2019-2021.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Reduced peripheral serotonin levels in women with multiple sclerosis: associations with underweight status, treatment duration, and use of interferon beta 1a.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- High odds of multiple sclerosis following major life stressors: Evidence from a population-based case-control study in Northern Iran.Current journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Understanding Palliative Care Needs in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from a Qualitative Descriptive Study.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Over recent decades, clinical, scientific, and public awareness of multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased significantly. This study aims to analyze global trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of MS among adults aged 20-54 years from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, this study evaluated MS incidence, mortality, and DALYs in adults aged 20-54 years. Data from 204 countries and territories were stratified by age, sex, and geographical location. Annual percentage changes (APC) were calculated using Joinpoint regression, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were derived through log-linear regression modeling. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling was employed to forecast future disease burden. Findings: Globally, in 2021, there were 51,904.12 incident MS cases (95% UI, 44,998.80-59,073.37), 4,738.38 deaths (95% UI, 4,492.03-5,024.11), and 512,985.58 DALYs (95% UI, 428,133.20-610,308.62). Between 1990 and 2021, global incidence increased by 49.48% (95% UI, 44.34-55.15%), mortality rose by 18.21% (95% UI, 11.60-25.45%), and DALYs increased by 43.22% (95% UI, 36.79-48.94%). The High SDI region reported the highest rates of incidence (4.38 per 100,000; 95% UI, 3.93-4.83), mortality (0.41 per 100,000; 95% UI, 0.39-0.42), and DALYs (45.00 per 100,000; 95% UI, 37.22-53.12). Regionally, Western Europe had the highest number of cases (10,964.14; 95% UI, 9,572.30-12,318.88). At the national level, the United States reported the most MS incident cases in 2021 (9,388.21; 95% UI, 8,469.23-10,275.59). Sweden had the highest national incidence rate at 10.12 per 100,000 (95% UI, 8.69-11.66), with an EAPC of 0.24 (95% CI, 0.10-0.38). Interpretation: The global incidence, mortality, and DALYs associated with MS have shown increasing trends, although substantial variations persist across different SDI regions. A comprehensive understanding of MS epidemiology is essential for improving global disease prevention and control efforts.
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