Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40708478›Full record

ArticlePsychiatry investigation2025

Problematic Smartphone Use Is Associated With Current and Previous Major Depressive Disorder.

Su Jeong Seong, Jin Pyo Hong, Bong-Jin Hahm, Sung Man Chang, Byung-Soo Kim, Dong-Woo Lee, Seong-Jin Cho, Jong-Ik Park, Jee Eun Park, Hong Jin Jeon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Su Jeong SeongDepartment of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jin Pyo HongDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Bong-Jin HahmDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sung Man ChangDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Byung-Soo KimDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Dong-Woo LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Seong-Jin ChoDepartment of Psychiatry, Gachon Medical School, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Jong-Ik ParkDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
Jee Eun ParkDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hong Jin JeonDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Funding

Ministry of Health and Welfare
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAlthough many studies have demonstrated the association between depression and problematic smartphone use (PSU), temporal precedence of this relationship remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between present PSU and both past and current major depressive disorder (MDD) among adults.

methodsWe utilized data from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, a nationwide epidemiologic survey that employed a multistage cluster sampling method. Participants were assessed using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to diagnose MDD and the Smartphone Overuse Screening Questionnaire to identify PSU.

resultsOf a total of 916 subjects, 139 (15.2%) belonged to the PSU group. The prevalence of PSU in older adults was substantial: 9.3% in the age group of 36-50 years and 5.4% in the age group of over 50 years. We found a significant association between MDD and PSU. Both current and previous MDD episodes were associated with an increased risk of PSU.

conclusionThis study confirmed the association of PSU and depression among general adult population and the precedence of MDD to PSU. Even previously resolved depression was found to affect current PSU.

Indexed as

AddictionDepressionMental healthMobile phone addictionMood disorderSmartphone addiction

Identifiers

PMID40708478
PMCPMC12301686

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.