Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40707963›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of medical research2025

Dry eye-related tear biomarkers MMP-2, MMP-13, and IFN-γ: potential predictors of Type III acute acquired concomitant esotropia.

Yijun Lin, Shumin Tang, Wei Wei, Weidong Zheng, Libin Huang

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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yijun Lin *Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Shumin Tang *Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Wei WeiDepartment of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Weidong ZhengDepartment of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China. weidongzheng@fjmu.edu.cn.
Libin HuangDepartment of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China. hlibin@sina.com.

Funding

the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province 2021Y9114
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAcute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) causes diplopia and asthenopia, severely affecting quality of life. This study aimed to explore the association between dry eye (DE) tear film biomarkers and Type III AACE.

methodsWe enrolled 52 patients (52 eyes) with Type III AACE and 50 controls (50 eyes). Assessments included tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer's test (ST), and the Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life Score (DEQS). Tear samples were analyzed for cytokine levels using a multiplex immunoassay. Logistic regression analyses identified risk factors, and a random forest classifier evaluated predictive performance.

resultsPatients with Type III AACE without DE showed significantly reduced NIBUT and elevated levels of cytokines (e.g., MMP-2, MMP-13, and IFN-γ) compared to normal controls (all P < 0.05). Near-distance work duration showed a moderate positive correlation with Galectin-3 (r = 0.64, P < 0.05). MMP-2, MMP-13, and IFN-γ were identified as independent risk factors (arear under the curve (AUC): 0.91, 0.91, 0.94). The random forest model achieved an AUC of 1.00.

conclusionElevated tear levels of MMP-2, MMP-13, and IFN-γ were strongly associated with Type III AACE, highlighting their potential as predictive biomarkers.

Indexed as

Dry Eye SyndromesInterferon-gammaMatrix Metalloproteinase 2TearsAdultBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersInterferon-gammaMatrix Metalloproteinase 2MMP2 protein, humanAcute acquired concomitant esotropiaDry eyeRandom forest modelsRisk factorsTear film biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID40707963
PMCPMC12288259

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.