Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40707889›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Epidemiological and molecular investigation of a Salmonella Agona-associated foodborne outbreak in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, 2022.

Jitao Wang, Weidong Zheng, Yuezhen Li, Jihong Xu, Xiaomei Jia, Lin Miao, Junhong Wu, Ping Zhang, Teng An, Yang Xu and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Temporal trends inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jitao Wang *School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China. wangjitao99@126.com.
Weidong Zheng *School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China.
Yuezhen Li *Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, China.
Jihong Xu *Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, China.
Xiaomei JiaQingxu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 18, Yanchang Street, Qingxu County, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030400, China.
Lin MiaoQingxu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 18, Yanchang Street, Qingxu County, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030400, China.
Junhong WuQingxu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 18, Yanchang Street, Qingxu County, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030400, China.
Ping ZhangTaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, China.
Teng AnTaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, China.
Yang XuTaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, China.
Lirong LiangTaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, China.
Xiaohua ZhangTaiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030032, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFrom July 23 to 24, 2022, Qingxu People's Hospital in Taiyuan reported an increase in acute gastroenteritis cases among individuals who had dined together.An investigation was initiated to identify factors associated with acute intestinal infection and to prevent further illness.

methodsTo isolate, cultivate, and identify pathogens, we collected samples from patients, food, and the environment. The isolated strains underwent multiple tests, including antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Based on the WGS data, analyses were conducted, including serotype prediction, resistance gene prediction, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and phylogenetic analysis.

resultsA total of 11 samples were collected from Patient 1's residence and the supermarket. These included 2 samples of leftover food from a family gathering, 4 samples of the supermarket environment, and 5 stool samples from 5 patients. Among these, two strains of Salmonella were isolated from the food, and three strains were isolated from the patients' stools. All five strains of Salmonella were identified as Salmonella Agona (S. Agona) and were susceptible to the 15 antibiotics tested. The PFGE banding patterns were identical among the strains. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the isolated strains were all S. Agona of sequence type ST13 and cgMLST type cgST164980. They all carried the resistance genes aac(6')-laa and fosA7. SNP disparities ranged from 0 to 2. In the phylogenetic tree, the five strains of S. Agona isolated clustered closely together.

conclusionsIn this investigation of a food poisoning outbreak caused by S. Agona, we employed two key molecular techniques: Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). PFGE provided initial high-resolution DNA fingerprinting to identify bacterial strains and establish their clonal relatedness, offering preliminary but crucial insights into understanding the microbial causes of the epidemic. Subsequently, WGS delivered comprehensive genetic information with unparalleled precision, confirming that the pathogen was S. Agona and revealing its genomic characteristics. The integration of PFGE and WGS results provided strong evidence proving the epidemic was related to S. Agona. This comprehensive approach not only confirmed the etiology of the food poisoning event but also highlighted the power of molecular and genomic tools in modern epidemiological investigations. Our findings emphasize the importance of these techniques in rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens, thereby enabling timely public health interventions and reinforcing food safety measures to prevent similar outbreaks in the future.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksFoodborne DiseasesSalmonellaSalmonella Food PoisoningSalmonella InfectionsAdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsChinaElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldFecesFemaleFood MicrobiologyGastroenteritisGenome, BacterialHumansMaleAnti-Bacterial AgentsFoodborne disease outbreakPFGEPhylogenetic analysisSalmonella agonaWGS

Identifiers

PMID40707889
PMCPMC12291336

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.