ArticleOncology and therapy2025
The Health Impact of Using Anti-PD-1 Agents to Treat Early-Stage Cancer in Belgium.
Article in Oncology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- AMPLIFY: Estimating Clinical and Humanistic Benefits of Pembrolizumab in Portugal.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Injectable Hydrogels for Breast Cancer Therapy: From Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive and Actively Targeted Drug Delivery to Immunotherapy and Theranostics.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Assessing the Impact on Health and Productivity Outcomes of Anti-PD-(L)1 Agents to Treat Early-Stage Cancers in Italy.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Assessing the health outcomes, productivity gains, and budget impact of anti-PD-(L)1's in the early stages of cancer treatment in Greece.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAnti-PD-1 agents, inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), significantly improve clinical outcomes and overall survival for individuals with several metastatic and early-stage cancers. This study evaluates the health impact of using anti-PD-1 agents for early-stage disease (ESD) treatment of melanoma (stage IIB-C and III), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Belgium (2023-2032).
methodsBelgian individuals eligible for ESD treatment (target population) entered a Markov-based health outcomes model in a recurrence/event/disease-free state. The model compared anti-PD-1 agents only for metastatic disease treatment (reference scenario) versus anti-PD-1 agents for ESD treatment (ESD scenario) from 2023 to 2032. Clinical outcomes of the model included recurrence/event/disease-free life-years (LYs), total LYs, quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs), recurrences/events, active treatments for metastatic disease, and total deaths. The cumulative health impact of ESD anti-PD-1 treatment in Belgium was calculated as the difference in health outcomes between the ESD and reference scenarios for the time horizon.
resultsOf the 14,306 eligible individuals, 11,065 were predicted to initiate treatment with anti-PD-1 agents for ESD. Anti-PD-1 therapies for ESD increased recurrence/event/disease-free LYs (+13.4%), total LYs (+4.4%), and QALYs (+4.9%) after 10 years. Additionally, ESD treatment decreased recurrences/events (-24.6%), active treatments for metastatic disease (-28.6%), and total deaths (-23.8% decrease) over 10 years.
conclusionsThe investment in and use of innovative anti-PD-1 agents for the treatment of early-stage cancers would have a positive health impact for Belgium and align with the high standards in cancer care called for in Europe's Beating Cancer Plan.
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