Observational studyDigestive diseases and sciences2025
Exploring Anxiety Triggers in Non-sedated Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Prospective Analysis.
Observational study in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07781943 (The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises Performed Prior to Diagnostic Gastroscopy on Anxiety, Fear, and Vital Signs in Adult Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises Performed Prior to Diagnostic Gastroscopy on Anxiety, Fear, and Vital Signs in Adult Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nurse-led preprocedural Valsalva maneuver training with a maximal expiratory pressure device during transesophageal echocardiography in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study.Journal of Korean biological nursing science · 2026Article
- Factors influencing the patient experience of gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasound: a Swedish cross-sectional study.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Awake and Apprehensive-Patient-Centered Management of Anxiety Preceding Non-sedated Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study aims to identify the demographic, medical, and psychological factors associated with anxiety in patients undergoing non-sedated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD). By determining high-risk groups and key anxiety triggers, the research seeks to provide insights for improving pre-procedural communication and patient preparation.
methodsA total of 1242 patients aged between 18 and 90 years were included in the study. In this cross-sectional and observational study, the anxiety levels of the patients were measured using data collected through face-to-face interviews and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Participants' demographic information, medical history and previous endoscopy experiences were recorded.
resultsAmong the participants, 52.7% (n = 654) reported anxiety related to the procedure. Women (n = 645) exhibited higher anxiety levels than men (STAI-I score: 43.28 ± 13.06 vs. 41.52 ± 12.93, p = 0.017). Chronic conditions, such as COPD (mean STAI-I score: 52.53 ± 9.39, p < 0.001), cardiac disorders (49.68 ± 11.58, p = 0.014), and chronic kidney disease (55.50 ± 10.42, p = 0.004), were associated with significantly elevated anxiety levels. Additionally, patients with depression (50.86 ± 9.19, p < 0.001) and panic disorder (51.12 ± 5.99, p < 0.001) exhibited higher anxiety. Prior experience with endoscopy did not significantly reduce anxiety, with 40% (n = 497) having undergone the procedure before. Notably, 46.7% (n = 580) of participants reported prior knowledge of the procedure, but this did not correspond with significantly lower anxiety levels.
conclusionAnxiety before endoscopic procedures was observed to be common among patients and may directly affect the quality of the procedure. High rates of anxiety in women and individuals with chronic diseases are consistent with the literature. Accurate and comprehensive information of patients prior to the procedure appears to be critical in reducing anxiety levels.
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