Trial reportNature medicine2025
Effect of naltrexone pretreatment on ketamine-induced glutamatergic activity and symptoms of depression: a randomized crossover study.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Is the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine and esketamine mediated via opioid mechanisms?European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- Modulation of early non-rapid eye movement slow wave activity by ketamine in treatment-resistant depression.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Modulation of GABA and glutamate by ketamine in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Is (S)-norketamine an active mediator of esketamine's antidepressant effects?Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Molecular snapshots confirm ketamine's opioid nature.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic modulation of the gut-brain-lung axis by ketamine and its enantiomers.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Treatment-resistant Depression in the Post-ketamine Era: Unmet Needs beyond Rapid Response.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- A crucial cautionary note on frequently incorrect dose equivalence between ketamine and esketamine.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex differences in placebo and antidepressant response to intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Rapid antidepressant potential of nitrous oxide: current state and major questions.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Distinct therapeutic profiles of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: an exploratory analysis.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Mechanism-guided identification of antidepressant G protein-coupled receptor drug targets.Cell · 2026Article
- Esketamine/Ketamine: Dual-Action Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects beyond Anesthesia in Psychiatry, Immunology, and Oncology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Pharmacological MRI: Utility in Understanding Drug Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Review
- Antidepressants and the endogenous opioid system.Biochemical pharmacology · 2025Review
- Methodological considerations for interpreting ketamine-naltrexone trials in depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We investigated the potential role of the opioid system in modulating glutamatergic effects of ketamine administration in major depressive disorder. Twenty-six adults with major depressive disorder participated in a double-blind crossover study, receiving oral placebo or 50 mg naltrexone before an intravenous infusion of 0.5 mg per kg ketamine. Brain glutamatergic activity in the anterior cingulate cortex was measured using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Naltrexone attenuated the increase in glutamate + glutamine to total N-acetylaspartate ratio during ketamine infusion compared to placebo (F
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.