Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40707590›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Detection of breast cancer using machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence.

Tharunya Arravalli, Krishnaraj Chadaga, H Muralikrishna, Niranjana Sampathila, D Cenitta, Rajagopala Chadaga, K S Swathi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tharunya ArravalliDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Krishnaraj ChadagaManipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India. krishnaraj.chadaga@manipal.edu.
H MuralikrishnaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India. murali.h@manipal.edu.
Niranjana SampathilaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
D CenittaManipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
Rajagopala ChadagaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
K S SwathiDepartment of Health Care and Hospital Management, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal breast cells that eventually turn into malignant tumors. These cancer cells can metastasize to be life-threatening and fatal. An intricate mix of environmental factors and individual genetic composition can lead to the formation of this deadly carcinoma. Improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer are essential given the rising incidence of breast cancer. Over the past few decades, machine learning has helped provide accurate medical diagnosis results. Therefore, this study used diagnostic characteristics of patients and multiple machine learning classifiers to identify breast cancer. Incorporating explainable artificial intelligence techniques revealed the underlying factors for the model predictions, adding a layer of transparency and interpretability. Out of the algorithms, random forest showed the best result, an F1-score of 84%. The stacked ensemble model, which combines the strengths of different models, obtained an F1-score performance of 83%. The research emphasized the results obtained by explainers such as SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations), ELI5 (Explain Like I'm Five), Anchor and QLattice (Quantum Lattice) to decipher the findings. Interpretable algorithms can be applied in the medical sector to assist practitioners in predicting breast cancer, reducing diagnostic errors, and improving clinical decision-making.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBreast NeoplasmsMachine LearningAdultAgedAlgorithmsFemaleHumansMiddle AgedAI in healthcareAttribute selectionBreast cancerDiagnosisEnsemble classifierExplainable artificial intelligenceMachine learning

Identifiers

PMID40707590
PMCPMC12290098

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.