ArticleScientific reports2025
Physical and psychological optimization of tele-exercise programs by establishing guidelines.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physical exercise for prevention of dementia study: a 48-month randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in aging · 2026Trial
- Patient perceptions of remotely-delivered exercise services for osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study in Hong Kong.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tele-exercise has significant potential as a tool to promote physical activity, particularly for individuals facing barriers to accessing gyms or sports centres due to geographical, physical, or financial constraints. While tele-exercise derives from telemedicine, it remains a less defined field with no established guidelines to regulate or standardize its implementation. This gap highlights the need for structured frameworks to ensure the safety, effectiveness, and accessibility of tele-exercise. This study aimed to establish a consensus on some fundamental aspects of tele-exercise through a structured four-round process. A mixed-method approach combined analyses of scientific literature with a modified Delphi approach of 4 rounds of experts' opinions collected via focus groups and an ad hoc questionnaire. A consensus criterion of ≥ 60% agreement was applied. Experts (n = 17 internal, n = 14 external) validated 7 thematic areas and 25 operational recommendations, including fitness training design (e.g., 2-10 participants/session in synchronous mode), safety protocols, and technology requirements. In detail, the following fundamental aspects were addressed: (1) operative definitions of tele-exercise, (2) fitness training programs design, (3) requirements for spaces and equipment, (4) safety protocols for remote exercise, (5) the role and impact of technology, (6) relational and communication strategies to enhance engagement, and (7) monitoring methods for asynchronous and synchronous training sessions. Answers were analysed through a manual content analysis. The guidelines provide a comprehensive examination of these aspects, addressing current gaps and limitations while outlining opportunities for improvement. The study underscores the importance of developing standardized practices to ensure safe and effective implementation of tele-exercise. These findings establish a preliminary framework for tele-exercise implementation, highlighting consensus on technical and psychological features critical for scalability and safety in diverse populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.