ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2025
Global, regional and national burden of asthma from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measured and perceived affordability of asthma medications and their associations with medication adherence among adult patients in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Sex and socioeconomic inequalities in global asthma burden attributable to major risk factors, 1990-2021.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Global Asthma Disparities: Deciphering the Multifaceted Environmental Exposome Between Eastern and Western Populations.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Precision medicine in asthma: endotype stratification, biomarker-guided biologics, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Asthma reconsidered: a cumulative data perspective on airway smooth muscle.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Anti-Allergic Potential of Chamaecrista nomame and Its Compound Luteolin for Novel Asthma Therapy.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Article
- Reprogramming Inflammatory Macrophages with Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Asthma.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Representativeness and external comparability of the InGef research database for epidemiological studies in Germany.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Twelve-Month Real-World Outcomes of Tezepelumab in Severe Asthma: Clinical Remission, Biomarker Changes, and Trigger Burden-A SANI Multicenter Cohort.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Global Asthma Burden due to Attributable Risk Factors, 1990-2021, and Forecast to 2050: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Comparative Clinical Presentation of Bronchial Asthma in Adults and Children in North India.Cureus · 2026Article
- Advances in the Association Between theCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported asthma diagnosis in Makkah Region of Saudi Arabia.Medicine · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic determinants of multimorbidity in asthma: Insights from a retrospective cross-sectional study of the Obstructive Lung Disease program, Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- A temporal dialogue between the circadian clock and chronic inflammatory diseases.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Skeletal Muscle Mass and Visceral Fat are Independently Associated with Poorly Controlled Asthma in Children with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- The forgotten billion: bridging the global allergy care chasm through scalable, equity-driven strategies.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and disease burden of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2014-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAsthma represents a significant global health challenge, exhibiting considerable variation in prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across regions and countries. This study evaluates global, regional and national trends in asthma burden from 1990 to 2021, analysing associations with temporal, geographical and demographical factors.
methodsUsing open data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database (1990-2021), we analysed changes in asthma prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALYs by gender, age and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) groups. Joinpoint regression analysis calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC).
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates of asthma declined by 40.01% and 29.89%, respectively. While asthma deaths increased slightly, the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) declined by 46.01%. The highest prevalence was observed in South Asia, East Asia and high-income North America, while low-SDI regions exhibited elevated mortality and DALYs. The age and sex-specific patterns indicated a higher asthma burden among females. The results of the joinpoint analysis indicated a global age-standardised incidence rate increase between 2005 and 2010 for both males and females. The ASMR exhibited a statistically significant decline from 1990 to 2021.
conclusionsThe global age-standardised rate of asthma burden declined from 1990 to 2021. However, asthma remains a significant public health issue, particularly in regions with lower socioeconomic development. Understanding global and regional trends in asthma can inform future policies and interventions, aiming to promote more equitable prevention, diagnosis and treatment worldwide.
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