ArticleCancer research and treatment2026
Characteristics of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Hepatotoxicity Based on the Baseline Liver Function.
Article in Cancer research and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Integrative multi-omics profiling identifies infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma as an immunotherapy-resistant subtype with distinct molecular features.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
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12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study estimated the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatotoxicity (ICH), identified risk factors, and characterized patients who developed ICH. MATERIALS AND
methodsAdult patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) from January 2015 to June 2022 in a tertiary hospital were included, excluding those without liver function tests or those with liver cancer but normal baseline liver function. Patients were stratified by baseline liver function status; in overall and each of stratified cohorts ICH incidence was calculated as the number of events per 100 person-years with grade 3 hepatotoxicity as the primary outcome. Patient characteristics were assessed using descriptive statistics, and risk factors were identified through multivariable Cox regression. Causality between ICI use and hepatotoxicity was assessed using the Naranjo Algorithm.
resultsAmong 803 patients, the ICH incidence was 19.5 cases per 100 person-years, with a higher incidence (47.3 vs. 9.3 cases per 100 person-years) and earlier onset (13 vs. 15 days) in the abnormal compared to the normal group. Significant risk factors for ICH included female sex in the normal group and liver cancer in the abnormal group. According to the Naranjo Algorithm, all the 60 ICH cases were classified as "probable" or "possible". Among the 60 cases, 61.7% (n=37) resulted in ICI discontinuation. The baseline liver function did not impact on the severity or the likelihood of ICI discontinuation.
conclusionFuture studies are needed to evaluate whether the impact of ICI discontinuation on survival outcomes in patients with ICH varies based on baseline liver function abnormalities.
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