Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40705323›Full record

ArticleJAMA ophthalmology2025

Orthokeratology, 0.04% Atropine, and 0.01% Atropine for Myopia Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Hannan Xu, Moxin Chen, Luyao Ye, Qin Shu, Yajun Peng, Xiaoyi Liang, Tao Yu, Yongrong Ji, Shanshan Li, Qin Shen and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JAMA ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05357326 (Multi-centered Clinical Trial on Myopia Intervention in Children and Adolescents and Establishment of a Precise Intervention Model Based on Deep Learning), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05357326 phase4unknown statusnot on this map

Multi-centered Clinical Trial on Myopia Intervention in Children and Adolescents and Establishment of a Precise Intervention Model Based on Deep Learning

TypeinterventionalSponsorShanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment CenterRan2021 to 2023Enrolled186ConditionsMyopiaArmsAtropine Sulfate 0.01% Eye Drop, Orthokeratology, Atropine Sulfate 0.04% Eye Drop
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Compliance with orthokeratology lens wear: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Hannan XuDepartment of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Moxin ChenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Luyao YeDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ningbo Branch), Ningbo, China.
Qin ShuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yajun PengDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoyi LiangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Tao YuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yongrong JiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Shanshan LiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qin ShenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Jiangnan HeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Lin LiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Jianfeng ZhuDepartment of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Xun XuDepartment of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: Investigating the antimyopia efficacy and safety of orthokeratology and varying atropine doses in specific age groups could optimize personalized treatment choices. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orthokeratology, 0.04% atropine, and 0.01% atropine in controlling myopia among older children and adolescents over a 2-year treatment period. Design, Setting, and Participants: This 3-arm, parallel-design, multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 2021 to August 2023 at the Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center and the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. A total of 209 children aged 8 to 15 years with refractive errors between -1.0 diopter (D) and -4.0 D were enrolled in this study. Primary data analysis was conducted from December 2024 to January 2025, with additional analysis conducted from April 2025 to May 2025. Interventions: Atropine, 0.01% or 0.04%, administered daily, or overnight orthokeratology for 2 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was 2-year axial length (AL) growth. Results: Among 209 children enrolled in this study, mean (SD) age was 10.5 (1.79) years, and 104 participants (49.8%) were female. Mean (SD) spherical equivalent (SE) was -2.55 (0.85) D, and mean (SD) AL was 24.7 (0.79) mm. Of 209 enrolled children, 48 of 69 in the 0.01% atropine group (69.6%), 48 of 68 in the 0.04% atropine group (70.6%), and 53 of 72 in the orthokeratology group (73.6%) completed the 2-year follow-up. Children receiving 0.04% atropine had a significantly reduced AL increase than those receiving 0.01% atropine (difference, 0.18 mm; 95% CI, 0.11-0.26; P < .001). Nonsignificant but clinically meaningful difference was found between the 0.01% atropine group and the orthokeratology group (difference, 0.08 mm; 95% CI, 0.003-0.15; P = .04). Regression analyses revealed that older age was associated with less AL growth for all groups, while a more myopic SE at baseline predicted slower axial elongation for the orthokeratology group. The 0.04% atropine group had a higher risk of photophobia than the 0.01% atropine group (11 of 48 patients [22.9%] vs 1 of 48 patients [2.1%], respectively; difference, 20.8%; 95% CI, 8.3%-33.4%; P = .002). In the orthokeratology group, 19 of 72 participants (26.4%) showed slight corneal fluorescein staining. Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial of participants aged 8 to 15 years, 0.04% atropine was more effective than 0.01% atropine or orthokeratology to control myopia, despite a higher incidence of photophobia. These findings support 0.04% atropine as a superior treatment compared with orthokeratology or 0.01% atropine for older children and adolescents with myopia similar to those enrolled in this trial, although longer-term follow-up is warranted. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05357326.

Identifiers

PMID40705323
PMCPMC12290907

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.