ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2025
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma mortality in the USA, 1999-2020: a 21-year population-based analysis.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- External Beam Radiation Therapy for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Review
- Trends and disparities in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma mortality in the United States, 1999-2024: a CDC WONDER analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Tiliacorinine as a Promising Candidate for Cholangiocarcinoma Therapy via Oxidative Stress Molecule Modulation: A Study Integrating Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive liver malignancy with a persistently low 5-year survival rate of approximately 9%. In recent decades, mortality associated with ICC has increased in the USA and globally.
objectiveTo assess national trends in ICC-related mortality in the USA from 1999 to 2020, stratified by demographic and regional characteristics.
methodsICC mortality data were extracted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) from 1999 to 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) per 100,000 population and Annual Percentage Change (APC), along with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were determined. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to examine trends across demographic groups (age, gender, race/ethnicity) and geographic regions.
resultsA total of 113,450 ICC-related deaths occurred between 1999 and 2020. The overall ICC-related AAMR steadily increased from 0.98 in 1999 to 2.04 in 2020, with an APC of 3.55. Males had higher AAMR (2.32) as compared to females (1.83). Non-Hispanic (NH) Asian or Pacific Islander had the highest AAMR (2.61), with the highest APC (4.19) recorded among NH-Black or African American individuals. Mortality rates were highest in people aged 85+, with the highest APC (4.43) observed in people aged 45-54. Wisconsin, Minnesota, Connecticut, Washington, Hawaii, and Rhode Island had approximately double the AAMR than the states that fell in the lower 10th percentile. Large metropolitan areas had the highest AAMR (4.28) compared to rural areas.
conclusionICC-related mortality has steadily increased in the USA over the study period. Stratified analysis reveals significant demographic and regional disparities. Understanding these patterns is essential for guiding targeted public health interventions and improving early detection and treatment strategies.
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