ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
Glaucoma in Older Asians Aged 60 to 100 Years: Prevalence, Factors, Trends, and Projections (2024-2040).
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of Phacoemulsification combined with different auxiliary surgeries in the treatment of primary angle closure glaucoma and cataract: A retrospective study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- An extensive analysis of machine learning techniques for identifying glaucoma.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries, Health Economics, and the Moral Imperative of Equity in Glaucoma Care.Journal of current glaucoma practiceArticle
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence, factors, temporal trends, and projections of glaucoma over 15 years among multiethnic older Asian adults aged 60 to 100 years. Methods: We included 2380 participants (mean [SD] age, 73.6 [8.5] years; 55.2% female) from the baseline phase of the Population Health and Eye Disease Profile in Elderly Singaporeans (PIONEER; 2017-2022) study. Comprehensive eye examinations and standardized questionnaires assessed sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Glaucoma and subtypes were defined using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology guidelines, with age-standardized prevalence rates based on the 2020 Singapore census. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations identified risk factors, temporal trends were analyzed using population-based data, and projections utilized United Nations population data. Results: The census-adjusted glaucoma prevalence was 5.1%, comprising 3.4% primary open-angle glaucoma, 0.7% primary angle-closure glaucoma, and 1% secondary glaucoma. Prevalence was higher among Malays (6.5%) and Indians (6.2%) compared to Chinese (4.9%). Significant factors included older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07), Malay ethnicity (OR, 2.07), higher intraocular pressure (OR, 1.14), longer axial length (OR, 1.20), cataract surgery (OR, 1.81), and polypharmacy (OR, 2.04). Over two decades, age-adjusted glaucoma prevalence in Singapore remained stable (5%-7%) but increased among Indians (3.65% in 2013 to 6.70% in 2022), likely due to the high rates of systemic diseases. Currently, ∼57,800 Singaporeans aged ≥60 years have glaucoma, projected to rise by 43%, reaching 85,800 by 2040. Conclusions: Glaucoma is common among older Singaporeans, with notable sociodemographic and modifiable clinical factors. Rising prevalence among Indians and the projected increase in cases underscore the need for targeted screening and early interventions.
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